Innovation

We are a leader in the research and development of high performance mid- to long-wave infrared LED and laser technology.

Firefly Photonics LLC is a leader in the research and development of high performance mid- to long-wave infrared LED and laser technology. We have the capability to design, grow, microfabricate, and test prototypes, and work with partners for volume manufacturing.

 

Advances in infrared LEDs and lasers have enabled technologies in defense, medical imaging, spectroscopy, and gas and chemical sensing. Now these applications are driving the demand for higher radiance, better design control of single and multiple wavelengths, and higher efficiency.

Mid- to long-wave infrared light emitting diodes

Design and manufacture of high power mid- to long-wave infrared light emitting diodes, both single element and large format arrays. Company members have numerous publications and innovations (patents pending) on these devices.

Mid-wave infrared Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting (VCSEL) Laser

Design and manufacture of mid-infrared laser diodes, such as interband cascade lasers, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and quantum cascade lasers.

Mid-infrared systems and technologies

We work with partners such as Chip Design Systems and Teledyne Scientific & Imaging to integrate our LEDs and lasers into systems, such as gas sensors, projectors, and medical devices.

Molecular beam epitaxy growth, microfabrication, and characterization

We have unparalleled access to cutting-edge user facilities at the University of Iowa, including molecular beam epitaxy, microfabrication, and characterization.

LATEST NEWS & RESEARCH

Firefly’s technology is based on >15 years of innovation

Innovation Year Relevant Publication
Cascaded LED 2008 E. J. Koerperick, J. T. Olesberg, J. L. Hicks, J. P. Prineas and T. F. Boggess, “Active Region Cascading for Improved Performance in InAs–GaSb Superlattice LEDs,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1242-1247, Dec. 2008, doi: 10.1109/JQE.2008.2003145.
Cascaded LED 2009 E. J. Koerperick, J. T. Olesberg, J. L. Hicks, J. P. Prineas and T. F. Boggess, “High-Power MWIR Cascaded InAs–GaSb Superlattice LEDs,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 849-853, July 2009, doi: 10.1109/JQE.2009.2013176.
LWIR LED 2010 E. J. Koerperick, D. T. Norton, J. T. Olesberg, B. V. Olson, J. P. Prineas and T. F. Boggess, “Cascaded Superlattice InAs/GaSb Light-Emitting Diodes for Operation in the Long-Wave Infrared,” in IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 50-54, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1109/JQE.2010.2072492.
Growth on GaAs 2015 S. R. Provence, R. Ricker, Y. Aytac, T. F. Boggess, and J. P. Prineas , “High power cascaded mid-infrared InAs/GaSb light emitting diodes on mismatched GaAs”, Journal of Applied Physics 118, 123108 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4931914
Two-color LED 2015 Ricker, R.J., A. Hudson, S. Provence, D.T. Norton, J.T. Olesberg, L.M. Murray, J.P. Prineas, and T.F. Boggess, Dual-Color InAs/GaSb Cascaded Superlattice Light-Emitting Diodes. IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, 2015. 51(12): p. 1-6.
Broadband LED 2017 R. J. Ricker, S. R. Provence, D. T. Norton, T. F. Boggess Jr., and J. P. Prineas , “Broadband mid-infrared superlattice light-emitting diodes”, Journal of Applied Physics 121, 185701 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4983023
n-type anode 2017 A. J. Muhowski, R. J. Ricker, T. F. Boggess, and J. P. Prineas , “n-type anode layer, high-power MWIR superlattice LED”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 243509 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5006045
Growth on Silicon 2019 Muhowski, A.J., C.L. Bogh, R.L. Heise, T.F. Boggess, and J.P. Prineas, Improved performance of mid-infrared superlattice light emitting diodes grown epitaxially on silicon. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2019. 507: p. 46-49.
4-layer superlattice (4LSL) 2020 A. J. Muhowski, A. M. Muellerleile, J. T. Olesberg, and J. P. Prineas , “Internal quantum efficiency in 6.1 Å superlattices of 77% for mid-wave infrared emitters”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 061101 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0013854
4LSL LED 2021 D. A. Montealegre, K. N. Schrock, A. C. Walhof, A. M. Muellerleile, and J. P. Prineas , “High-power mid-wave infrared LED using W-superlattices and textured surfaces”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 071105 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0039269
Nitrate Sensing 2021 B. Gao, A. C. Walhof, D. A. Laird, F. Toor and J. P. Prineas, “Analytical Evaluation of Mobile In Situ Soil Nitrate Infrared Sensor Designs for Precision Agriculture,” in IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 18, pp. 20200-20209, 15 Sept.15, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3096856.
IRLED Thermal Scene Projection 2026 J.P. Prineas, M.Z. Bellus, A. Walhof, L.M. Nichols, D.A. Montealegre, W. Dai, F. Kiamilev, R.T. McGee, H. Ahmed, M.J. Grzesik, R.K. Mandel
Next Generation 1024×1024 Individually Addressable Mid-Infrared LED Arrays Based on Cascaded W-Superlattice Emitters
Submitted to J. Quant. Electron.
GaSb Quantum Dot Telecom Single Photon Source 2026 Ian M. Masson, Aden Hageman, Caleb Whittier, David Montealegre, Bhaveshkumar Kamaliya, Nabil D. Bassim, John P. Prineas, and Ravitej Uppu
Engineering Nanohole-Etched Quantum Dots for Telecom-Band Single-Photon Generation
ACS Nano, published online: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5c17982
Two-color emitters 2025 D.A. Montealegre, W. Dai, M.Z. Bellus, L.M. Nichols, J.P. Prineas
Color Crosstalk in Two-Color Mid-Infrared LEDs With and Without Cavity Enhancement
IEEE J. of Quantum Electron. 61 (4), 3200108
Narrowband MWIR LEDs 2024 K. N. Schrock, D. A. Montealegre, W. Dai, M. Z. Bellus, L. M. Nichols, J. P. Prineas
Microcavity enhancement vs Auger recombination in variable thickness type-II superlattices in resonant cavity mid-infrared light emitting diodes
J. Appl. Phys. 135, 183101
Highest Power MWIR LEDs 2022 D.A. Montealegre, M.Z. Bellus, A.C. Walhof, L.M. Nichols, J.P. Prineas
Improved mid-infrared W-superlattice LEDs using Al-treated source
Proceedings of SPIE 122022, 122022B
W-Superlattice Emitters 2022 C.L. Bogh, A.J. Muhowski, M.D. Nelson, V.G.J. Rodgers, and J.P. Prineas
Measurement of recombination mechanisms in mid-infrared W-superlattices
Opt. Mat. Express 12, 4261
We offer custom products for your mid-infared light source needs, including LEDs and lasers.